manajemen keuangan

Background: Traditional economic models often assume that individuals act as purely rational agents aiming to maximize utility. However, contemporary research in behavioral finance and psychology demonstrates that human financial decision-making is heavily influenced by cognitive biases, emotional states, and socio-economic variables. Objective: This study examines the core determinants of financial behavior—specifically focusing on spending, saving, borrowing, and investment patterns—and evaluates how these behaviors impact long-term financial well-being. Methodology: Utilizing a mixed-methods approach incorporating quantitative surveys and structural equation modeling alongside qualitative interviews, data was collected from a diverse demographic cohort. The framework integrates key psychological models, such as the Theory of Planned Behavior and Prospect Theory. Key Findings: The results indicate that financial literacy alone is insufficient to guarantee sound financial outcomes; rather, psychological constructs such as self-control, risk tolerance, and cognitive heuristics (e.g., loss aversion and anchoring) play a critical mediating role. Furthermore, positive financial behaviors significantly mediate the relationship between financial knowledge and overall subjective financial satisfaction. Conclusion: The findings highlight the necessity of moving beyond traditional economic frameworks by incorporating behavioral insights into financial education and policy design. Interventions aimed at improving financial well-being must address both cognitive capacity and psychological resilience.